History As a Dutch colony, Papua was part of the Dutch East Indies. Following Indonesia’s independence in 1945, Papua remained a Dutch colony under the name of Dutch New Guinea. In 1963, the United Nations granted control of the territory to Indonesia, on condition that the population could decide for itself whether to pursue autonomy or to continue under Indonesian rule.
'Act of Free Choice'
During the subsequent process of public consultation in 1969, known as the 'Act of Free Choice', Indonesia put the population under strong pressure to vote for Indonesian rule; and successfully so. The name of the province was changed to Irian Barat, and later changed again by President Suharto into Irian Jaya. In 2001 the name was changed back to the original Papua, which is now divided into the provinces of Papua and West Papua.

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